DAY 1 |
9-10.30am |
Introduction to basic principles |
1. Understand the basic principles underlying the development of amblyopia and strabismus in order to ensure early detection and management and be able to communicate treatment plans to the patient. 2. Understand demographics and epidemiology of amblyopia and strabismus. 3. Understand that previous surgery is not a barrier to treatment |
11-12.30pm |
Chronology with case example; demographics and epidemiology |
1.Understand the chronology of development of problems, 2.Understand the importance of demographics 3.Understand the role of epidemiology. |
1.30-3pm |
Why strabismus seems different from other visual problems; |
1. Understand how and why amblyopia and strabismus develop 2. Understand how strabismus and amblyopia are functionally related 3. Understand how the development of amblyopia or strabismus can be beneficial to the person at a specified point in time but not forever |
3.30-5pm |
The critical nature of the individual patient |
1. Learn how specific disruptions or "thwarting" experiences occurring at critical times in normal infant development 2. Understand how this can result in strabismus or amblyopia 3. Understand how differences in patients can affect treatment plans |
DAY 2 |
9-10.30am |
The mythology of strabismus and the countering science |
1. Strabismus viewed as altered binocularity rather than a monocular condition 2. Strabismus and amblyopia can be treated past the traditionally viewed “critical” period 3. Understand occlusion success rates for various subtypes of amblyopia & the long-term success of occlusion |
11-12.30pm |
Accommodative ET, Genesis and introduction to hyperopic prescribing |
1. Understand the development and management of esotropia in children 2. Understand issues in respect to accommodation: 3. Accommodative convergent squints and partially convergent squints and their management. |
1.30-3pm |
Cycloplegia and the Cambridge Visual Screening Programme |
1. Understands the use of photorefractive techniques and video refraction including the sensitivity and specificity and how this compares with cycloplegic refraction results and 2. Be aware of the results of the Cambridge infant vision screening programme 3. Understand the results of two infant vision screening programmes: prediction and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia from photo- and video refractive screening |
3.30-5pm |
What behavioural optometry has to offer |
1. Understand the significance and accuracy of using video refractive techniques
2. Understand the drawbacks of these techniques 3. Predicting patients with amblyopia and strabismus in hyperopic patients
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DAY 3 |
9-10.30am |
The basic behavioural examination for strabismus |
1. Understand the significance of unexpected response to treatment of amblyopia and strabismus that might indicate serious underlying neurological problems 2. Be confident to refer for advice 3. Be aware of how to perform a bv work up including various versions of Hess charts, and understand the nature and significance of anomalous correspondence and how to test for it . |
11-12.30pm |
What outcomes to expect illustrated through detailed case studies |
1. Understand by means of case histories how various bv anomalies can be treated 2. Understand outcomes that should be expected. 3. Understand the concepts described in the case studies |
1.30-3pm |
Introduction to Visual Training |
1. Understand how to go about approaching treatment of amblyopia and strabismus and 2. Understand what exercises can be used and in what order they need to be used in order to make significant improvements in visual outcomes. 3. Understand how to develop a management plan for treatment of amblyopia and strabismus |
3.30-5pm |
Lens prescribing with an emphasis on plus lens prescribing |
1. Understand how to go about approaching prescribing lenses for the patient who has amblyopia and strabismus 2. Understand how to make improvements in visual outcomes. 3. Understand how to develop a management plan using lenses where appropriate for treatment of amblyopia and strabismus |
DAY 4 |
9-10.30am |
Assessment Techniques |
1. Visual acuity assessment – preferential looking, OKN drums 2. Illiterate charts 3. Projector vs chart, logMAR vs Snellen 4. Modification with pinhole, 2 x telescope, ND filters 5. VEP/VER’s 6. Macula integrity testing, and cyclo deviation assessment |
11-12.30pm |
Workshop on Vision Training |
1. Anticrowding techniques 2. Disassociation techniques 3. Transparency techniques 4. CAM therapy 5. Auditory Biofeedback |
1.30-3pm |
Other Factors to Consider |
1. Nystagmus therapy 2. Critical periods 3. Longterm occlusion outcomes |